// watch it work
VDAC1, animated
The whole villain arc in one loop: a single channel gating, then VDAC1 oligomerizing into a big pore, leaking mitochondrial DNA, and tripping the cGAS–STING inflammation alarm.
// start here — VDAC1
Reviews to build a foundation
- Shoshan-Barmatz — VDAC1 in apoptosis & diseaseVarda Shoshan-Barmatz wrote the canonical review series on VDAC1 as a hub for metabolism, calcium and cell death. Any of them is a great foundation.
- VDAC1 oligomerization & the apoptosis poreThe mechanistic heart of the disease story: how VDAC1 grouping up forms a big pore that leaks mitochondrial contents.
- VDAC1 in neurodegeneration & Alzheimer'sWhere my head lives — VDAC1's links to amyloid, tau and mitochondrial dysfunction in the brain.
// landmark papers
Worth reading in full
- ★ Kim et al., Science 2019 — VDAC oligomers, mtDNA release & lupus (the one)If you read a single VDAC1 paper, read this one. Kim, Shoshan-Barmatz and colleagues showed VDAC1 oligomers form the outer-membrane pore that releases mtDNA fragments and drives the interferon response — and that VBIT-4 blocks it and eases lupus in mice. It's the anchor of my whole VBIT reading list. (Science 366:1531–1536; PMID 31857488.)
- VBIT-4 across disease modelsFollow-on work testing VDAC1-oligomerization inhibitors in metabolic, kidney, heart and brain models. See how far the idea reaches.
- mtDNA → cGAS–STING → inflammationThe immune side: why mitochondrial DNA in the wrong place acts like a danger signal. Context for why a leaky pore matters.
// databases & the molecule itself
Look VDAC1 up
- UniProt — VDAC1 (P21796)The reference sheet: sequence, structure, function, interactions.
- RCSB PDB — 2JK4 (human VDAC1 structure)The crystal structure my 3D viewer loads. Download it, open it in any viewer, poke around.
- AlphaFold — VDAC1 modelPredicted 3D structure of the β-barrel. Fun to spin while thinking about the pore.
- Human Protein Atlas — VDAC1Where VDAC1 is expressed across tissues and cancers, with the imaging to prove it.
- GeneCards — VDAC1A one-stop aggregator that links out to just about everything else.
// mitochondria, broadly
The bigger picture
- Broad Institute — Mitochondria & MitoCartaMitoCarta is the reference inventory of mitochondrial proteins. The Mootha lab's work is a masterclass in mito biology.
- MitoPedia (Oroboros / Bioblast)A community encyclopedia of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. Great for definitions done right.
- MITOMAPThe human mitochondrial genome database — mtDNA mutations, variants and disease links.
- Mitophagy — PINK1/Parkin quality controlHow cells clear damaged mitochondria before they cause trouble. The upstream story to a lot of what happens at VDAC1.
// repositories, data & community
Mitochondria beyond VDAC1
- MSeqDR — Mitochondrial Disease Sequence Data ResourceA community genomics portal built specifically for mitochondrial disease — variants, phenotypes and tools in one place.
- MitoCarta 3.0 — the mitochondrial protein inventoryThe reference list of ~1,140 genes with strong evidence of mitochondrial localization, with sub-organelle and pathway annotations.
- EBI Expression AtlasGene expression across tissues, cell types and conditions — a second opinion to GTEx for 'where is this switched on?'
- GTEx — VDAC1 expression across 54 tissuesThe exact source behind my /gene/ page's expression chart. Go here for the full, live tissue breakdown.
- Reactome — pathways (mitophagy, apoptosis)Beautifully drawn, curated pathway maps. Great for seeing where VDAC1 and mitophagy sit in the bigger network.
- Mitochondrial Medicine SocietyThe clinical/research society — guidelines, meetings and the people who treat mitochondrial disease.
- United Mitochondrial Disease Foundation (UMDF)Patient- and family-facing: mitochondrial-health resources, support and research funding. The human side of the field.
// keeping up
Follow the field yourself
- PubMed — newest VDAC1 papersMy homepage, basically. Sorted newest-first.
- PubMed — newest mitophagy / mitochondria papersThe wider beat, beyond VDAC1.
- bioRxiv — mitochondria preprintsThe not-yet-peer-reviewed edge. Grain of salt included.
Got a resource I'm missing? I'd love it — shinaoffer@gmail.com.